1. Laser chilling: Copper will produce copper ion under high temperature. Copper ion has corrosion to laser head. Therefore, copper or material with copper ion cannot used in the laser chilling. But coaxial heat exchanger with stainless steel 316L or 304 inner tube avoided the corrosion on laser head by copper ion.

2. Ammonia  refrigeration system: Ammonia has high corrosive performance to copper. Copper heat exchanger cannot used for ammonia systems. Coaxial heat exchanger with stainless steel 316L or 304 inner tube solved the problem of ammonia corrosion and enhanced the heat transfer.

3. Oil cooler: stainless steel 316L or 304 coaxial heat exchangers have low cost compared to copper coaxial heat exchangers

4. Food , drinking, dairy product, medicine process refrigeration systems